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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Haitian Creole ： ウィキペディア英語版 Haitian Creole Haitian Creole (; ,〔〔 ; (フランス語:créole haïtien) (:kʁeɔl aisjɛ̃); often called simply Creole or Kreyòl) is a French-based creole and is one of Haiti's two official languages, along with French. The word ''creole'' is of Latin origin via a Portuguese term that means, "person (especially a servant) raised in one's house".〔(【引用サイトリンク】website=Online Etymology Dictionary )〕 It first referred to Europeans born and raised in overseas colonies, but later was used to refer to the language as well. Haitian Creole is spoken by about 9.6–12million people worldwide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Haitian Creole to English and English to Haitian Creole Translation Services )〕 Haitian Creole is the first language of 90–95% of Haitians. It is a creole language based largely on 18th-century French with influences from Portuguese, Spanish, Taíno, and West African languages. Haitian Creole emerged from contact between French settlers and African slaves during the Atlantic Slave Trade in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (now the Republic of Haiti). , Haitians were the largest creole-speaking community in the world. ==History== Haitian Creole developed in the 17th and 18th centuries on the western third of Hispaniola in a setting that mixed native speakers of various Niger–Congo languages with French colonizers. In the early 1940s under President Élie Lescot, attempts were made to standardize the language. Lescot brought in two American linguistic experts, Frank Laubach and H. Ormonde McConnell, to develop a standardized Creole orthography. Although some regarded the orthography highly, it was generally not well received. Its orthography was standardized in 1979. That same year Haitian Creole was elevated in status by the Act of 18 September 1979. The ''Institut Pédagogique National'' established an official orthography for Kreyòl, and slight modifications were made over the next two decades. For example, the is no longer used, nor is the apostrophe.〔''}}〕〔 The only accent mark retained is the grave accent in and .〔 The Constitution of 1983 upgraded Haitian Creole to a national language alongside French. It classified French as the ''langue d'instruction'' or "language of instruction", and Creole was classified as an ''outil d'enseignement'' or a "tool of education". The Constitution of 1987 names both Haitian Creole and French as the official languages, but recognizes Haitian Creole as the only language that all Haitians hold in common. Even without government recognition, by the end of the 1800s, there were already literary texts written in Haitian Creole such as Oswald Durand's "''Choucoune''" and Georges Sylvain's ''"Cric? Crac!"''. Félix Morisseau-Leroy was one of the first and most influential authors to write in Haitian Creole. Since the 1980s, many educators, writers, and activists have written literature in Haitian Creole. On Haitian newspaper ''Le Matin'' first published an entire edition in Haitian Creole in observance of the country's newly instated "Creole Day". Today numerous newspapers, as well as radio and television programs, are produced in Haitian Creole. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Haitian Creole」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.